Reflections of Fitzgeralds †Literature Essay

Impressions of Fitzgeralds †Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Impressions of Fitzgeralds Literature Essay F. Scott Fitzgerald was one of the best American authors ever. He best spoke to the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Upon dropping out of school, he told his closest companion Edmund Wilson â€Å"I need to be one of the best authors, who have ever lived, don’t you?† Today, the majority of secondary school and school level American writing courses require at any rate one of his works (F(rancis)). During his timespan, he was depicted as flaring young people of the Jazz Age, however not as one of the America’s most significant essayists (F(rancis)). The Great Gatsby is considered as one of his most prominent scholarly works. It is an account of Jay Gatsby, an affluent and wealthy specialist, who lives in disappoint of reproducing the past by methods for cash and riches. He attempts futile to make Daisy Buchanan to go gaga for him by and by. He is extremely ineffective in doing as such and it at last brings his own demise. Jay Gatsby is fundamentally the same as F. Scott himself. He is well off, consistently needed to be at top of the social stepping stool, and needed a young lady who he realized he was unable to have. Daisy Buchanan is a lot of like F. Scott’s own life, Zelda Sayr e Fitzgerald. They were both materialistic and just looked for riches in men. They were both exceptionally coy with men. F. Scott Fitzgerald depicted existences of himself and his significant other Zelda, in one of his most noteworthy work, The Great Gatsby. Jay Gatsby was conceived in a poor family in The Great Gatsby. He couldn’t pay his way through the school and needed to take corrupting janitorial work so as to get school instruction. Being an adamant and pleased individual he was, he would not do as such and at last dropped out of the school (Fitzgerald 105). F. Scott Fitzgerald himself didn't finish his advanced degree. He was admitted to Princeton, one of the most esteemed colleges on the planet. Being too fanatical about his enthusiasm for composing, Fitzgerald dismissed his investigations. He was put on scholastic probation in 1917. He dropped out of Princeton, at last understanding that he won't have the option to graduate (F. Scott Fitzgerald). Subsequent to dropping out of school, Jay Gatsby joined the military during the World War I. He began as first lieutenant, but since of his dauntlessness in Argonne Forest fight, he was propelled major and gotten enrichments from each associated country (Fitzgerald 70). He was g ranted with a decoration from Montenegro, which was â€Å"For Valor Extraordinary† (Fitzgerald 71). After dropping out of Princeton, Fitzgerald looked for different possibilities throughout his life by applying for a U.S. Armed force commission. In October 1917, he was named second lieutenant (Gale, â€Å"F. Scott†). Yet, not at all like Jay Gatsby, he never truly observed a lot of activity in the military and remained in America until the war was finished (Gale, â€Å"F. Scott†). The two of them began to look all starry eyed at young ladies who were â€Å"out of their league.† Jay Gatsby went gaga for Daisy when he didn't have anything. â€Å"†¦ he was at present a poor youngster without a past, and at any second the imperceptible shroud of his uniform may slip from his shoulder† (Fitzgerald 156). Likewise, F. Hurry Fitzgerald went gaga for Ginerva King. He was straight dismissed on the grounds that he was poor and had nothing to help her exc essive way of life. â€Å"I can’t be closed away from the trees and the blossoms, cooped up in somewhat level, hanging tight for you. I don’t need to consider pots and kitchens and brushes. I need to stress whether my legs will get smooth and earthy colored when I swim in the summer† (Concise Dictionary, â€Å"F. Scoot†). Jay Gatsby, the primary character of The Great Gatsby was a self-picture of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald was a wild figure, who represented the new â€Å"flappers,† or exceptionally liberal ladies of the â€Å"roaring twenties.† She was a lot of like Daisy Buchanan of The Great Gatsby.† They were both extremely liberal and looked for some men for their diversion. Them two were not exceptionally faithful to their men. â€Å"Through this dusk universe Daisy started to move again with season; out of nowhere she was again keeping about six dates per day with about six men and drowsing sleeping at day break with the dabs and chiffon of a night dress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 158). They were additionally shallow and materialistic. While Jay Gatsby was away in Europe, Daisy split away from him and wedded Tom Buchanan who was rich while Gatsby was poverty stricken in the military. â€Å"There was a healthy cumbersomeness about his individual and his position and Daisy was flattered† (Fitzgerald 159). Zelda was likewise materialistic and accepte d that she can just wed a well off man so as to keep herself cheerful. At the point when F. Scott’s first novel was dismissed by Scribner’s, Zelda severed their commitment (St. James, â€Å"F. Scott†). She accepted that F. Scott will always be unable to help her and fulfill with riches. She just chose to wed him after he becomes acclaimed and a major open figure. After This Side of Paradise was distributed and became quick hit, Fitzgerald got well known as the voice of his age immediately. After seven days the book was distributed, Zelda and F. Scott got hitched (St. James, â€Å"F. Scott†). F. Scott Fitzgerald was the voice of his age. During his lifetime, he was seen by individuals through his exposure and fame. Be that as it may, presently, he is viewed as one of the most compelling American author ever. The Great Gatsby, which is normally viewed as perhaps the best work, consolidates life of his own and his better half Zelda in to the plot. Jay Gatsby was fundamentally the same as F. Scott Fitzgerald since the two of them dropped out of school and took their risks in the military. They additionally got rich so as to wed young ladies they cherished, who were both exceptionally materialistic and shallow. Zelda Sayre was fundamentally the same as Daisy Buchanan since they were both liberal and coquettish. Likewise, they were just searching for riches in men to fulfill them. F. Scott Fitzgerald was effective in joining the genuine accounts of himself and his better half into The Great Gatsby. 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Bernadine Healy

There is an ocean of distinction in being a pioneer and director of an association. Every last one of the two persona can fit in a sort of association. Be that as it may, on account of the Red Cross in the US,public intrigue, managerial duty and a portion of the ongoing moral commitments going up against open heads in their everyday dynamic. Additionally look at the ongoing pattern in privatizing government capacities and seemed to have not fit at all involving the presidency.She was a survivor of the position not for turning into an extreme, enthusiastic, too-determined pioneer, yet for not coming a chief of the worldwide Red Cross that is generally impervious to change. It has been said that directors â€Å"do things right† while pioneers, then again, â€Å"do the privilege things†. Chiefs are concerned essentially with overseeing things. Pioneers, then again, are show worry for driving people.Dr. Healy’s short stretch in the Red Cross demonstrated that she was in excess of a pioneer than a chief of the huge alleviation administration association, whose authoritative greatness, monetary assets and labor are more prominent than the Philippine military foundation. Actually, she was depicted as â€Å"a extreme expert who caused some disruption made things happen† and â€Å"a change specialist for a culture impervious to change†.But in the midst of discussions created from her intense program pushes, changes and developments and her solid authority in the global Red Cross, she needed to surrender to pressures even as the amazing leading body of governors had chosen to fire her out. It happened that the Red Cross Red is after each of the a preservationist, non straightforward associations with substantial decentralization down in its progression, with individuals and parts enmeshed in turf wars and somewhat shook with money related irregularities and a blood business that must be corrected. It was portrayed to have a battle ready administration and a politburo-like leading body of governors.Dr. Healy, who came in too enthusiastic like a guardian angel knight in sparkling defensive layer, fizzled these to comprehend. In addition, sympathy as a crucial authoritative attribute of a pioneer †as embraced by US Army coordinations official William Pagonis-was obviously ailing in the upmanship and administration of Dr. Healy. In her hurry to establish sensational changes in the global Red Cross in the wake of the 1993 World Trade Center besieging she neglected to factor in the utilization of sympathy in drawing out help of Red Cross associations under her authority. As she was at that point harassed by reactions right even in Red Cross leading body of governors, dissimilar to Pagonis, Dr.Healy neglected to develop cooperation and plan a correspondence structure that could supplement the Red Cross levels of leadership, the motivation behind why her great expectations and interests were misjudged. She neglected to move toward Red Cross by overseeing than by driving, and to seek after a long stretch of change process. It worth to consider that change requires time and procedures. In John Kotter’s Transformation Process in his book â€Å"Change or Die†, it takes numerous procedures to change men and as a result the association, and numerous things must be perceived and to make and unmake. On different regions where Dr.Healy was cut down especially in her apparent over energy to cause Red Cross to perform and take novel interests with least supporting of compassion to the people across and down the line of the association, Kotter’s authoritative procedures are given much rationale*. Changing the conduct of individuals is the most significant test for associations attempting to contend in a tempestuous world, says John Kotter, a Harvard Business School teacher who has contemplated many associations amidst change: â€Å"The focal issue is never procedure, structure, cultur e, or systems.The center of the issue is consistently about changing the conduct of individuals. Those individuals might be called upon to react to significant changes in commercial center elements †the ascent of another worldwide contender, state, or a move from a controlled to a deregulated domain †or to a corporate redesign, merger, or section into another business. Furthermore, as people, we might need to change our own styles of work †how we coach subordinates, for instance, or how we respond to analysis. However as a general rule, we can’t. † In significance to our own, the Philippine Army needs to â€Å"Change or Die† whenever needed to make due in the high-innovative, continually changing times.There have been more scrutinizes leveled to the Philippine military in its authoritative crucial, and those relating hierarchical burdens and dysfunctions. The present pushes and posing of the country’s military for change have still far to go to the extent that jumping and taking undertakings along the generalist forms illuminated. Furthermore, let it be said now that changing the conduct of men and officials towards a crucial ever-changing occasions is an overwhelming assignment of the Philippine Army.

Tales of my first Career Fair

Tales of my first Career Fair D-3: I need a resume?! I have a busy week aheadan 18.02 pset due the same day as the dreaded first 8.01 exam in addition to a 3.091 quiz, and an 18.02 exam on Friday. In the midst of spending the day studying and pseting, I get an email reminding me to sign up for Career Fair and print out my badge before Friday. Career Fair runs from 10-4pm. I check my calendar. I have class from 10-12 and then the 18.02 exam from 2-3. I have a three-hour time frame in which I can grab and eat lunch, study for the exam, and/or go to Career Fair. Is it worth? I ask upperclassmen. OF COURSE IT IS! GO FOR THE FREE SWAG, they all encourage me. So I register online and the second step of the registration tells me to upload a resume. I only have a clumsily put-together resume that I used when applying to colleges. I pull up the PDF and take a look. Figure skater since age 6taught learn-to-skate classesI like to read and take pictures. Not quite the resume I was looking for. I message my brother, a senior at UC Berkeley, and ask for help. As I wait for him to respond, I procrastinate on making a new resume by getting back to psetting. Productive procrastination? Oh and I also need some fancy clothes. I didnt bring a suit or dress shoes from home. D-2: 8.01 exam tomorrow, ugh My brother sends me a copy of his resume and suggests I add anything and everything relevant. OK. Well I dont have any business or management experience, nor do I have any Course 6 experience aside from AP CompSci. Fantastic. I start filling in my education section: MIT Class of 2019 Candidate for B.S. in Management and/or Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and/or some other major that I dont know I want to major in yet. I realize I dont know what I want to do in life. Great. So I start filling out work experience. Oh, Im a blogger! I finally have something to put down. I also worked as a bookkeeper back in high school for a local law office, and taught learn-to-skate classes. Not the most related to Course 15 or 6, but at least I have some more things to put down. My resume is still half blank. So I start making another column to fill in awards and honors. I find that all I can think of are skating-related. Great. This is going to be the worst resume ever. I spend the rest of the night cramming for 8.01 and 3.091. By 2am, I call it quits. Still no sign of a completed resume. Nor do I have fancy shmancy stuff to wear. D-1: 3.09UGH, 8.0UGH When was 3.091 and 8.01 ever considered to be 3.09FUN and 8.0FUN? I come out of both knowing I totally bombed them. P/NR (Pass/No Record), upperclassmen remind me. Id be more than thrilled if I managed to pass. The 8.01 midterm ends at 9:30pm, and I go grab some late-night at Masseh and I see a line for people registering for Career Fair. I run back to Burton Conner, and format the rest of my resume with pretty fonts and colors. I go to the printer and realize its only black and white. Welp. I print out 20 copies of my resume anyways, probably more than I need, and get back to studying for 18.02 and making a note sheet that I can use on the test. At around midnight, I realize I need to somehow put together a fancy outfit for tomorrow. I dig out my suitcase under my bed and pull out a dress shirt, black pants, and a belt. I dont have a suit jacket, so I grab a decently-fancy sweater to go on top of the dress shirt. I dont have fancy shoes, so I plan on wearing a pair of chukkas and hope no one looks down at my shoes. Back to studying for 18.02. D-0: 18.0UGH, but Career Fair! Uh oh. Its 11am. I oversleep and miss a recitation. Oops. I decide to go to Career Fair early. The lines short! I walk into the Johnson Arena, not knowing what to expect and see an entire room filled with people and booths. Its overwhelming. I meet up with a friend and we start passing through the booths strategically, from one end to another. Free t-shirts! Water bottles! Headphones, pencils, pens! More shirts! Shirts, shirts, and more shirts! Stickers, too! Lots of em. I talk to a few of the representatives, and I find out that most are MIT alumni. They went here, got a job, and want to hire more MIT grads! I learn some really cool things about what they did while at MIT, and what they do now. Most companies arent interested in hiring freshman for internships, so I carry on to the next booths. I drop off my resume at some of the smaller companies that ask for one. My friend and I stumble upon the Dropbox booth, and we look for the coveted Dropbox shirts. None to be found. Noooooo. Apparently, they had a limited number and they ran out in about 30 minutes. Sad face. When we finish passing through the rest of the booths, we find that there are two additional floors with even more companies and booths and free swag. So we trek on and see what the other companies have to offer. More shirts! More water bottles! More stickers! I look at my watch and its time to take the 18.02 test. I havent even eaten lunch, but I find some chips and a banana to snack on and call it a day. I drop off all the twenty-or-so pounds of swag I collected in the 2-hour time frame. Its time to do some math. Math is hard. Its a 50 minute test, which went by a lot quicker than the 2-hour 8.01 exam. I run back to career fair to try to talk to the companies that I missed earlier. I get even more shirts, stickers, pamphlets, and other swag. I stop by the Facebook, Google, and Apple booths which were the hotspots during the fair and learn that there are freshman internships at Facebook and Google. Maybe theres a chance I can get an internship over the summer so I have an excuse to go back home to the Bay Area and also have an internship doing really cool things? I dont set my hopes too high. Alas, my resume is well lets not go there again. 4pm: Career Fair is officially over. Im exhausted. I walk back to my room and sort out all the free swag Ive collected. Lets see: in total, I got 33 shirts, a handful of stickers, water bottles, and a lot of other random swag. Time to tack on a bunch of stickers all over my laptop! Getting pumped about wearing a Career Fair shirt every day for the next 33 days!  Yay for new water bottles! My lovely badge showing the wear and tear of 2-3 hours of career-fair-ing. More stickers than I can fit on my laptop. More free swag. Notable: $5 Amazon and Starbucks gift cards!   All the shirts folded together. So. Many. Shirts.   I dont even have enough closet space for the shirtsso I guess theyll stay here for the time being.

Hemagglutinin and Food Poisoning from Beans

Not so fun fact: Did you know that eating soaked raw or undercooked beans can result in food poisoning? It can. The culprit is a plant lectin known as phytohaemagglutinin, or simply, hemagglutinin, a chemical known to cause agglutination of mammalian red blood cells and to disrupt cellular metabolism. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, phytohaemagglutinin is found in many types of beans, however, red kidney beans contain the highest levels of hemagglutinin. White kidney beans contain a third as much of the toxin while broad bean varieties contain only 10% as much hemagglutinin as red kidney beans. Thats still plenty, however, since you only need to eat four or five undercooked red kidney beans to get sick. Bean Poisoning Symptoms Symptoms start to appear within one to three hours after consuming the beans. They include nausea and vomiting followed by diarrhea and, in some cases, abdominal pain. Although the symptoms may be severe enough to warrant hospitalization, they resolve spontaneously within a few hours. Everyone is susceptible, regardless of age, gender or other factors. Preventing Bean Poisoning It is easy to prevent bean poisoning. The recommended procedure is to boil soaked raw beans in water for a minimum of 10 minutes. It is important that the water reach boiling or 100 degrees Celcius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), since exposing the compound to 80 degrees Celcius (176 degrees Fahrenheit) actually increases its toxicity about five times. Share Your Experience Had you ever heard of hemagglutinin in beans or bean poisoning? Have you ever experienced this type of food poisoning? Here are replies from readers: I never knew about kidney bean poisoning until today! I made vegetable soup with dried bean mix (without soaking) in a Crockpot. The soup didn’t cook thoroughly even though it was on for over eight hours. Fortunately, my symptoms were mild —but still a very unpleasant experience. —Lea Here’s the drill, folks! Legumes have been a staple of humans and other critters for a long, long time. Look in any old cookbook (mine date back over a century) and guess how they prepared them. THEY SOAK THEM OVERNIGHT AND BRING TO A BOIL, THEN SIMMER UNTIL TENDER. Obviously, they only had fire for fuel and no electricity. I never knew about PNG until last year and have prepared many types of beans, including dry red beans. My main goal is to greatly reduce polysaccharide sugars which encourage anaerobic activity in the gut and, guess†¦gas!So, after 50 years of cooking and research, heres the magic recipe:†¢ Sort, rinse, and cover 1 lb. of beans with 2 inches of water. Add 4 tsp. of salt.†¢ Soak overnight or 6 to 8 hours.†¢ Bring to a boil, and boil 2 minutes.†¢ Remove from heat, cover and soak 4 hours.†¢ Now, discard water and rinse the beans.†¢ Cover beans with water and bring to simmer.†¢ Cook until tender.†¢ Drain and serve.Not e: I use a pressure cooker (seven minutes at 15 lbs. for Pinto beans). Beans are an important part of my diet, almost every day! —JVPETC   I have this reaction to ALL legumes. It doesn’t matter how they are prepared or cooked. It also doesn’t seem to matter how little I consume. I have become extremely ill after consuming something that was made with a small amount of soy flour. I have also started to have a similar reaction to certain nuts.One of my frustrations is that soy seems to be a standard substitution in so many foods, and isn’t always listed. I read that if an ingredient is a common substitution (soy grits for corn, for example) that the substitution isn’t always listed. It is to the point that I can no longer eat foods that my family doesn’t make from â€Å"scratch† with known ingredients. —Paula I am so glad I found this site after waking up at 3:30 a.m. this morning with intestinal pain, nausea, diarrhea and feeling like I was about to pass out right on the bathroom floor. I had eaten dark beans I made from scratch in the crockpot two nights in a row. It was frightening because I couldn’t come up with a reason why this happened. Now I know. —Laurene  Ã‚   I’m just getting back to normal after two pretty awful days. My girlfriend made us a pinto bean and pumpkin casserole and three hours later I felt the first wave of nausea. An hour later I was projectile vomiting until I was just retching. I don’t think I’ve ever felt so ill before. The pinto beans had been soaked overnight and boiled as the instructions said to, but there must have been a few that didn’t cook properly. My girlfriend was absolutely fine and thankfully so is our baby, who had some mashed up. I had to take two days off work and have only just started back on solid food as I couldn’t stomach anything but water. —Jon  Ã‚   I just wrote to a major cooking magazine about the possibility of hemagglutinin poisoning from two slow cooker recipes they printed that called for uncooked navy beans. They answered that they had researched their recipes with the FDA and were told there was very little danger in using the recipe, as most such poisoning comes from red kidney beans. Have they gone bonkers or just don’t want to admit they printed recipes that could make people sick? —Jessica Deforest  Ã‚   I just ate some romano beans and I’ve never really cooked beans before so I didn’t know I had to soak and then cook them, I just cooked them. I threw out most of my dish but ate a significant portion of the meal. My stomach feels a bit weird so I guess I might get sick, but hopefully, it’s just a psychological reaction to learning about this, or it’s just that the beans are tough to digest because of my flawed cooking. Wish me luck.—Jaime Silta My adult son has just had a horrendous episode of acute poisoning that was incredibly intense. Luckily, he has excellent health generally. After eating a plate of shop bought ready prepared falafel with hummus, he was fine for three or four hours and then had a rapid onset of acute abdominal pain and diarrhea. He also had some blood loss with diarrhea. The pain was really severe and at one point I thought I would have to get an ambulance. He also began vomiting. Incredibly, this really severe and acute illness began to wear off after four or five hours. 20 hours later, he is feeling fine again, although obviously exhausted! I have always thought that the most severe food poisoning was associated with contaminated meat and dairy products and had no idea that beans could be so lethal! —Cate   I ate raw Romano beans I bought from the grocery store. They sold them beside the green beans that I’ve always eaten raw, so I thought it was just another type of bean. I ended up eating an entire bag of them, thinking they were good. BIG MISTAKE. I felt like throwing up five minutes later. They burned in my stomach. Went to bed, passed a lot of gas, my intestines were spasming. Woke up 6 hours later with abdominal pain. Drank Pepto Bismal. Went back to bed. Woke up an hour and a half later with extremely watery diarrhea. Had to pass water for stool several times. —Anonymous My wife has just had a severe attack of vomiting and diarrhea. The suspect is the falafel we had for dinner made from white butter beans, or dried runner beans. The recipe used from Claudia Roden’s book specifies making the rissoles from uncooked beans. They are then deep-fried. I found a 2008 article from the Independent called Beware of the Beans. A family using the same recipe (shallow fried, however) all came down with severe symptoms. Even white beans have enough lectin to cause problems. —Jeremy Cunningham

Maslow s Theory Of Self Actualization - 1221 Words

According to the Greenwood Dictionary of Education (2011), Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, believed that everyone has a need for self-actualization, to develop an individual’s full potential by maximizing his/her talents and abilities. Maslow proposed that human needs are categorized in a hierarchy into the following requirements (from basic to complex and/or advanced needs): physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and then self-actualization (Maslow, 2006). The hierarchy is often projected as a pyramid figure, with basic needs at the bottom, and more complex needs at the top. According to Atkins (2001), people must achieve lower needs before they attempt to fulfill higher and more advanced ones (p. 1396). Self-actualization is a concept experienced from adolescence to emerging adulthood. It is motivated by the individual’s innate determination for growth (Schnitker Emmons, 2013, p. 2127). According to Arnett (2007) from age 18 to 25, emerging adu lts are often miserable with anxiety and unhappiness, entering a dark period in their lives (p. 24). They also experience an identity crisis where individuals face difficulties in assessing their interests and abilities, using that knowledge and experience to review possible futures, and eventually making enduring decisions in work and love (Arnett, 2007, p. 24). From adolescence to emerging adulthood, individuals are constantly building and learning about their identities, enduring responsibilities, lifeShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization772 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The theory of self-actualization was introduced by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow s famous work â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† has drawn admiration and criticisms from supporters and opponents alike. For Maslow, man quest for self-actualization falls within five hierarchical orders set up in a pyramid style. 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Maslow, an American psychologist who explores the complexities of human nature in his theoretical piece, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, examines the theory of self-actualization. This theory, which focuses on experiencing completely, evocatively and selflessly while maintaining full focus and absorption, is practiced to become the best version of oneself and undergo transcendence (44). Maslow’s ideals are influential and implemented by James Arthur Baldwin. Baldwin, a civilRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory Of Self Actualization901 Words   |  4 Pagesman named Abraham Maslow. Maslow was an American psychologist who developed a pyramidal hierarchy of needs. At the base of his pyramid, Abraham Maslow placed the basic â€Å"physiological needs† such as: food, water, and sleep. The next layer of his pyramid was â€Å"safety†, which was followed by â€Å"love/belonging†, and then â€Å"esteem†. 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We willRead MoreKurt Maslow s Concept Of Self Actualization1115 Words   |  5 PagesRogers self-actualization theory continues to have significant influence in contemporary psychology. Both Maslow and Rogers discussed the concept of self-actualization in their theories. Though there is some overlap, there are some significant differences in the way they use this term. In this assignment you are to compare and contrast their views on self-actualization. Answer the following questions: 1. Briefly describe Maslow’s concept of self-actualization Abraham Maslow s concept of self-actualizationRead MoreA Nursing Practice Theory : Unifying Holistic Approach Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesA Nursing Practice Theory: Unifying Holistic Approach Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Influences of Theory and Theorist It is undeniable that Maslow is one of the most famous and influential psychologists, whose theory is a base for various motivation theories. 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Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development †Explained and Illustrated Free Essays

Should the husband break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife? The husband should not break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife because based on Kohlberg’s stage one of obedience he should not steal the medicine because he would be put in prison, which would mean he is a bad person. Also based upon stage four law-and-order he should not steal the medicine because the law prohibits stealing, making it illegal. Lastly based upon Stage six universal human ethics should not steal the medicine, because others may need the medicine just as badly, and their lives are equally significant. We will write a custom essay sample on Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development – Explained and Illustrated or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though I think her husband should not steal the drug I still would because I think my spouse’s life is more significant than a prison sentence. 2. Should Brown report what he saw? Brown should report what he saw because his duty is to protect and make sure all laws are being abided by his duty is not to determine whether a crime is ethical or not. If police officers let personal friendships, opinions, and biases get in the way of their jobs there would be a lot of criminals on the streets and people in jails that have done lesser crimes which is happening today.Stage four on law-and-order explains illegal actions should be punishable. 3. Should the judge sentence the husband to prison? I think the judge should sentence the husband to prison if there are no other options available as far as counseling, probation, and other alternatives for prison. The judge should consider if the man is a threat to society and make his decision based upon that. In stage six universal human ethics, the judge could think or consider saving a human life is a more fundamental value than the property rights of another person. How to cite Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development – Explained and Illustrated, Papers

Marketing Management for Mercedes Benz S Class- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management for Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe. Answer: The Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe Night Edition The Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe Night Edition car was launched in 2017 and it has six cylinders with a top speed of 250. The car is a Mercedes Benz brand which is one of the widely known luxurious and well-built automobiles from German. It is a two-door model car making it to be liked by many people. The vehicle has distinctive radiator grilled with a sing louver in high-gloss black; it also has paintwork in Selenite grey Magno which is optional. The company came up with this vehicle to be among the world leading top cars. Therefore, the vehicle was manufactured targeting rich and prosperous customers (Mercedes Benz, n.d.). Steps involved in writing a marketing plan A marketing plan is one of the most vital components when starting a business. It helps businesses to focus on how they are going not only to make a profit but also keep their customers. It states the objectives of business, its facts, and numbers (Cameron, 2014). The plan also shows the product to be sold, the customers and tools and tactics one can use to achieve sales. The following are step involved in coming up with a marketing plan. Positioning Position refers to coming up with a way of identifying the benefits of the product to the customers and the space it may occupy in the market. It involves coming up with a good image in the consumer's mind that is how one wants people to view your product about market and competition. To achieve this one needs to come up with the uniqueness of the product that will differentiate it from that of competitors. The Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe Night Edition' is highly positioned with a speed of 250, has a distinctive radiator which is grilled with a single louver in high-gloss black which gives them an upper hand from competitors and also drawing customers attention. Objective Setting the objective entails coming up with what one wants to accomplish with the product. What one wants to achieve should be (SMART) which means being specific, measurable, attainable, reasonable and timely. The primary objective of this brand of Mercedes Benz is to bring out a good quality of a car with high technology that targets customers from a higher class. Strategy The strategy involves taking time to decide and come up with something that will help achieve the objectives. In this part one identifies a space in the market segment that has not been touched. For one to achieve their goals they need a product that challenges the existing one. For example, the Mercedes Benz S- Class, has high technology and also contains internal features with security systems. Coming up with a vehicle with security systems is a good strategy because many vehicles lack security systems. Tactics/planning For any beneficial marketing plan, there must be tactics to be used to achieve the objectives. The tactics involve using the resources and experiences available to come up with actions or activities that are able run with resources available (John, Katherine Jocz, 2012). In this category marketing communication is the vital aspect. Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe uses online platforms for marketing which is a tactic that reaches customers all over the world without spending a lot of money (Mercedes-Benz, 16). SWOT Analysis SWOT is a useful marketing tool which is used to unveil the internal and external factors of the business. The acronym SWOT stands for Strengths and Weaknesses which are internal factors while Opportunities and Threats are external factors. Internal factors are the resources and experiences that are available which may include financial, human, physical, and natural resources (Blythe, 2009). External factors are those things that are uncontrollable by the company or business; they include; political and economic regulations, funding, marketing and economic trends. Therefore it helps to know how to run companies and businesses without incurring losses. Strengths and weaknesses Strengths are the advantages an organization has over the others. This the uniqueness of a product and factors that make customers go for it, while weaknesses are what things an organization should improve or avoid and the factors that can lead to losing of customers. When there is no good relationship between employees and employers, then that is a weakness and when there is a good relationship that is the strength to the organization because they will work together. The Mercedes Benz has a good reputation with customers, and their products are viewed as those of quality. The Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe can capitalize on these to get customers. The weakness of this product is that there is slow customer response to the product because it is still new. Therefore weaknesses can be overcome using strengths. Opportunities and threats These are the interesting trends that businesses can be aware of and pick them up for their benefits. It also involves changes in technology and government policies. It also involves changes in lifestyle and social patterns, while threats are obstacles faced in an organization. Threats are people like competitors and changes in technology that threaten other positions and having debts (Adam, Wim Micheline, 2011). The opportunities that are there for the Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe include the availability of technology that helps one reach customers everywhere with ease. The brand can also export their vehicles through easier transport like water and air. The threats available include the fact that the brand has to come up with innovations every time because the technology is always changing. Competition from other automobile companies will be high, and they have to be ahead. Opportunities should be used to overcome threats available (Kim, Hayes, Avant Reid, 2014). Therefore, it is clear that Mercedes can focus on the opportunities that exist in its market environment to ensure that it surpasses the treats that exist in the context. Competitor Analysis Competitor analysis entails relating competitors to yourself to see how you can move past them. This helps an organization to be clear and confident. One should consider what makes their product unique from those of competitors so that they can gain more customers (Perreault, 2010). An organization has to look out for ways of attaining more customer and these means that their marketing and advertising strategies should be better than those of competitors. For example, Mercedes Benz Company has a web site to market their brands and for this reason get a lot of customers. Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe has better features than other vehicles. It is a two-door model with exclusive wheels, matt paint finish and high-quality special-effect pigment that puts it ahead of other brands (Kumar, Sharma Gupta, 2017). Mission The mission refers to the primary purpose of an organization. Usually, the mission is a statement that summarizes the business organization, its companies and the vision that it has in the industry. It is what a business owner wants to put across to the customers this is the type of message they want to be associated with their company. How they want customers to know about them and their competitors to view them (Top gear, 2017). The mission for Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe is perfection; this is to provide best quality brands of cars to the customers in the whole world. Marketing Objectives To reach a wider market in the next six months. To build brand awareness as it is a new product. To create good customer relationships. Financial Objectives To ship vehicles in large quantities to minimize on individual shipping costs. To ensure the profit attained is more than the money used in production. To use less than 1, 000,000 dollars for advertisement so that much money can be spent on innovation. Marketing Mix Strategy These are tools that a company uses to get a response from their customers. It consists four Ps of marketing which includes the product, price, place, and promotion. The products are the goods offered by the company; the price is what customers pay in exchange for the product, place or distribution is where customers can access the product and promotion are features and benefits of the product communicated to customers for persuasion. The company can use social media platforms and websites to pass information (Robert, 2016). The Mercedes Company can use the internet to show for example how a product is of different qualities, image, brand, and design. For example, Mercedes Benz S Class Coupe Night Edition has different colors to cater for every customer. The price can be circulated through social media for different customers as people use different social media platforms (Luan, Sudhir, 2010). Place or distribution can be assessed easily as the company can use the website to point out places where customers can access their products (Sinapuelas, Wang Bohlmann, 2015). Promotion can be done through advertising, for example, the brand can make a video of a moving vehicle and how it is driven on social media platforms. Its images can be displayed on their websites. This way it will have used digital communication to reach the customers. Action Programs designed to achieve Marketing and Financial objectives To reach a wider market or audience, and to build awareness, the brand has come up with a group of people to come up with websites and open social media platforms. One of the programs designed is updating the website of the product on a daily basis so that in the case of any changes customers have full information (Mintz Currim, 2013). The social media platforms are also to be updated daily and help in communication with the target market. The customers can ask their questions on the social media platforms and contacted to create good relationships (Maggon Harish, 2015). Another program designed is the brand has come up with a group of managers that will take charge of finances. This is to ensure a lot of money is not used in production than the profit they get. This team is also there to ensure that cars are shipped to the countries in bulk and not one on customer order. This way they will reduce the amount of transport used. This team also has advertisement managers that will look for best ways of advertising the product like media platforms without spending much (Hartmann, Nair Narayanan, 2011). Implementation and control of marketing plan The process of managing the implementation and the control of the marketing plan helps to ensure that a company achieves the objectives set. It involves organizing and giving direction to people and coming up with a group of people to ensure objectives are achieved. During this process, the manager should look for the correct people to work with and use the available resources adequately (Wood, 2008). For example one of the objectives of Mercedes Benz S Clas s Coupe is to get to many customers in the world in six months so the manager should use the correct people and available resources adequately to ensure it is achieved. Marketing control is there to monitor and evaluate the marketing activities being carried out. Monitoring helps the company to know what is going on and the information that they get can be useful (Laudon Laudon, 2010). Without monitoring some things can go astray for example how resources are used should be monitored. Mercedes wants to use less than $1,000,000 in advertising in six months, and market control can ensure this. Therefore, the process of implementing the marketing plan is critical and be considered with care for its successful execution. Besides, the control strategies such as the monitoring and evaluation have played a critical role for the success of the business. Conclusion In conclusion, coming up with a marketing plan gives businesses an easier way of dealing with the products. This helps them to know what to do when and where for what reasons. Carrying out a SWOT and competitor analysis is also important to the organization. This helps them to maximize on strengths and opportunities and try their best to do away with weaknesses and threats. Competitor analysis also helps on the deal with competition and move ahead. Besides, the organization's adoption of the 4P's marketing strategy is critical since it helps the company to achieve its marketing objectives. Therefore market research is an important factor to any organization. References Adam, S., Wim, N. Micheline, G. (2011). Entrepreneurship, Innovations and Economic Development. Oxford University Press, ISBN No. 978- 92-808-3093-4 Blythe, J. (2009). Key Concepts in Marketing. London: Sage Publications. ISBN978-1-84787-498-6 Cameron, B. (2014). Management. Strategic Leadership Review, pp. 22-27. Hartmann, W., Nair, H. Narayanan, S. (2011). Identifying Casual Marketing Mix Effects Using a Regression Discontinuity Design, Marketing Science, Vol. 30(6), pp. 1079-1097. John, A., Katherine, E. Jocz (2012). All Business is Local: Why Place Matters More than Ever in a Global, Virtual World. Penguin. Kim, K., Hayes, J., Avant, J. Reid, L. (2014). Trends in Advertising Research: A Longitudinal Analysis of Leading Advertising, Marketing, and Communication Journals, 1980 to 2010, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 43(3), pp. 296-316. Kumar, V., Sharma, A. Gupta, S. (2017). Accessing the influence of the strategic marketing research on the generating impact: Moderating roles of models, journals, and estimation approaches, Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 45(2), 164-185. Laudon, K., Laudon, J. (2010). "Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm." Eleventh Edition (11 ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Luan, Y. Sudhir, K. (2010), Forecasting Marketing-Mix Responsiveness for the New Products, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 47(3), pp. 444. Maggon, M. Harish, C. (2015). Revisiting The Relationship Marketing and the Customer Relationship Management in the Leading Tourism and the Hospitality Journals: Research Trends From 2001 to 2013, Journal of Relationship Marketing, Vol. 14(1), pp. 53-77. Mercedes Benz. (n.d.). S-class coup Night Edition: Even more exclusive. Retrieved from https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/s-class/s-class-coupe-night-edition-even-more-exclusive/ Mercedes-Benz. ( 2016, dec, 16). Retrieved from https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/s-class/s-class-coupe-night-edition-even-more-exclusive/ Mintz, O. Currim, I. (2013). What Drives Managerial Use of Marketing and Financial Metrics and Does Metric Use Affect Performance of Marketing-Mix Activities? Journal of Marketing, Vol. 77(2), pp. 17. Perreault, W. (2010). Essentials of marketing: A marketing strategy planning approach Robert, M. (2016). 2017 Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupe "Night edition." Retrieved from https://www.topspeed.com/cars/mercedes/2017-Mercedes-Benz-s-class-coupe-night-edition-ar175439.html Sinapuelas, I., Wang, H. Bohlmann, J. (2015). The interplay of innovation, brand, and marketing mix variables in line extensions, Academy of Marketing Science Journal, Vol. 43(5), pp. 558-573. Top gear. (Apr 2017). Retrieved from https://www.topgear.com/car-reviews/mercedes-benz/s-class-coupe/s500-night-edition-2dr-auto/spec Wood, M. (2008). The marketing plan handbook. Pearson Prentice Hall

Fieldtrip The Stonehenge Landscape

Understanding the Philosophy of Culture

Understanding the Philosophy of Culture The ability to transmit information across generations and peers by means other than genetic exchange is a key trait of the human species; even more specific to humans seems the capacity to use symbolic systems to communicate. In the anthropological use of the term, culture refers to all the practices of information exchange that are not genetic or epigenetic. This includes all behavioral and symbolic systems. The Invention of Culture Although the term culture has been around at least since the early Christian era (we know, for instance, that Cicero used it), its anthropological use was established between the end of eighteen-hundreds and the beginning of the past century. Before this time, culture typically referred to the educational process through which an individual had undergone; in other words, for centuries culture was associated with a philosophy of education. We can hence say that culture, as we mostly employ the term nowadays, is a recent invention. Culture and Relativism Within contemporary theorizing, the anthropological conception of culture has been one of the most fertile terrains for cultural relativism. While some societies have clear-cut gender and racial divisions, for instance, others do not seem to exhibit a similar metaphysics. Cultural relativists hold that no culture has a truer worldview than any other; they are simply different views. Such an attitude has been at the center of some of the most memorable debates over the past decades, entrenched with socio-political consequences. Multiculturalism The idea of culture, most notably in connection with the phenomenon of globalization, has given rise to the concept of multiculturalism. In one way or other, a large part of the contemporary world population lives in more than one culture, be it because of the exchange of culinary techniques, or musical knowledge, or fashion ideas, and so on. How to Study a Culture? One of the most intriguing philosophical aspects of culture is the methodology by means of which its specimens have been and are studied. It seems, in fact, that in order to study a culture one has to remove herself from it, which in some sense it means that the only way to study a culture is by not sharing it.The study of culture poses thus one of the hardest questions with respect to human nature: to what extent can you really understand yourself? To what extent can a society assess its own practices? If the capacity of self-analysis of an individual or a group is limited, who is entitled to a better analysis and why? Is there a point of view, which is best suited for the study of an individual or a society?It is no accident, one could argue, that cultural anthropology developed at a similar time at which psychology and sociology also flourished. All three disciplines, however, seem to potentially suffer from a similar defect: a weak theoretical foundation concerning their respecti ve relationship with the object of study. If in psychology it seems always legitimate to ask on which grounds a professional has a better insight into a patient’s life than the patient herself, in cultural anthropology one could ask on what grounds the anthropologists can better understand the dynamics of a society than the members of the society themselves.How to study a culture? This is still an open question. To date, there certainly are several instances of research that try and address the questions raised above by means of sophisticated methodologies. And yet the foundation seems to be still in need of being addressed, or re-addressed, from a philosophical point of view. Further Online Readings The entry on cultural evolution at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.The entry on multiculturalism at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.The entry on culture and cognitive science at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Religious movements in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religious movements in Asia - Essay Example nged into social and political movements, which forced the governments revise their foreign policies in so many western and eastern countries at international level. The most dynamic religious movements are launched by the Jewish and Islamic fundamentalist parties, which has split the whole world into extremist groups and factions, who are always engaged in terrorist activities and hostilities against their rival factions on the one hand, and against the peaceful citizens of the world on the other jeopardizing the very peace and stability of the world at large. The most significant and influential social and political movement that made imperative alterations in the social and political establishment includes Marxism. Named after eminent German socialist thinker and philosopher of nineteenth century i.e. Karl Marx, the movement got the masses realized at global level regarding their rights and privileges that must have been established on equal foundations on the noble principles of social justice, brotherhood and equality. It was Marxist perspective that gave birth to all social movements in Asia, Europe and Africa during the twentieth century. The people of Africa and Asia stood up against imperialism and demanded freedom from the western imperialism. The movement influenced the American society in such a way that the minority groups particularly the African Americans strived to break the shackles of slavery and successfully won the battle against prejudice and racial discrimination after a long and tiresome struggle against the dominati ng majority group i.e. White Anglo Saxon Population (WASP). Karl Marx views conflict as inevitable in every culture and social set up, which is necessary for its progress and prosperity. Since Marxist perspective was a reaction to the exploitation of the lower stratum at the hands of the upper classes, all the future movements related to it also united to eradicate inequality from society. â€Å"Marx notes how the separate

NARRATIVE story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NARRATIVE story - Essay Example Only that morning, after my brother’s compulsion, I decided to get out of my room to go with him and my parents to the beach for some fun. At first I was very annoyed as I preferred to stay indoors and watch some television as it was a weekend. During the weekdays, I had enough and more school work to be done and got very little television time. So weekends are usually a television marathon for me and I would never go out. My brother and my father have a weekend routine which I thought was lame. They would go for swimming at a nearby club and invite me all the time. I always felt very nostalgic to swimming pools and the blue colored water spread across as if it were a blue blanket made me uncomfortable. But today, as the club was closed due to some maintenance activity, my brother had planned for this trip to a beach nearby and had compelled me to come. I thought I will just get some sun and stay away from the ‘deep blue sea’. After reaching there and watching eve ryone have fun, I was not able to control my rising yearn to hit the water. Unfortunately, failed to notice the board which said ‘this area is for strong swimmers only’. So, here I am dragged inwards toward the horizon by the strong waves. I opened my eyes and found that everything around me was different and that confused feeling was still there. I was looking around to figure out whether I was in heaven (hopefully). I could hear the sounds of people talking outside. I woke up fully to get back to reality. My brother was walking towards me and paid no attention to me. I was little bit ignited with this act, as I expected him to come and ask me how I felt after coming in close encounters with death. Instead, he just started hitting me with his towel asking me to get up. I got up, now fully awake, and was staring blankly at my brother who was yelling, ‘are you coming with us to the swimming club at least today?’ Just then everything hit

Deposits in Thermal Power Plant Condensers

Deposits in Thermal Power Plant Condensers Abstract: Unexpected fouling in condensers has always been one of the main operational concerns in thermal power plants. This paper describes an approach to predict fouling deposits in thermal power plant condensers by means of support vector machines (SVMs). The periodic fouling formation process and residual fouling phenomenon are analyzed. To improve the generalization performance of SVMs, an improved differential evolution algorithm is introduced to optimize the SVMs parameters. The prediction model based on optimized SVMs is used in a case study of 300MW thermal power station. The experiment result shows that the proposed approach has more accurate prediction results and better dynamic self-adaptive ability to the condenser operating conditions change than asymptotic model and T-S fuzzy model. Keywords: Fouling prediction; Condensers; Support vector machines; Differential evolution 1. Introduction Condenser is one of key equipments in thermal power plant thermodynamic cycle, and its thermal performance directly impacts the economic and safe operation of the overall plant [1]. Fouling of steam condenser tubes is one of the most important factors affecting their thermal performance, which reduces effectiveness and heat transfer capability with time [2, 3]. It is found that the maximum decrease in effectiveness due to fouling is about 55 and 78% for the evaporative coolers and condensers, respectively [2]. As a consequence, the formation of fouling in condenser of thermal power plants has special economic significance [4-6]. Furthermore, it represents the concerns of modem society in respect of conservation of limited resources, for the environment and the natural world, and for the improvement of industrial working conditions [6, 7]. The fouling of heat exchangers is a wide ranging topic coveting many aspects of technology, the designing and operating of condenser must contemplate and estimate the fouling resistance to the heat transfer. The knowledge of the progression and mechanisms of formation of fouling will allow a design of * Manuscript an appropriate fouling mitigation strategy such as optimal cleaning schedule to be made. The most common used models for fouling estimation are the thermal resistance method and heat transfer coefficient method [6-10]. However, the residual fouling of periodic fouling deposition process and the dynamic changes of heat exchanger operating condition are not considered in these models. Consequently, the estimation error of those methods is very large. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are capable of efficiently dealing with many industrial problems that cannot be handled with the same accuracy by other techniques. To eliminate most of the difficulties of traditional methods, ANNs are used to estimate and control the fouling of heat exchanger in recent years. Prieto et al [11] presented a model that uses non-fully connected feedforward artificial neural networks for the forecasting of a seawater-refrigerated power plant condenser performance. Radhakrishnan et al [12] developed a neural network based fouling model using historical plant operating data. Teruela et al [13] described a systematic approach to predict ash deposits in coal-fired boilers by means of artificial neural networks. To minimize the boiler energy and efficiency losses, Romeo and Gareta illustrated a hybrid system that combines neural networks and fuzzy logic expert systems to control boiler fouling and optimize boiler performance in [14]. Fan and Wang proposed diagonal recurrent neural network [15] and multiple RBF neural network [16] based models for measuring fouling in thermal power plant condenser. Although the technique of ANNs is able to estimate the fouling evolution of heat exchanger with satisfaction, there are some problems. The selection of structures and types of ANNs dependents on experience greatly, and the training of ANNs are based on empirical risk minimization (ERM) principle [18], which aims at minimizing the training errors. ANNs therefore face some disadvantages such as over-fitting, local optimal and bad generalization ability. Support vector machines (SVMs) are a new machine learning method deriving from statistical learning theory [18, 19]. Since later 1990s, SVMs are becoming more and more popular and have been successfully applied to many areas such as handwritten digit recognition, speaker identification, function approximation, chaotic time series forecasting, nonlinear control and so on [20-24]. Established on the theory of structural risk minimization (SRM) [19] principle, compared with ANNs, SVMs have some distinct advantages such as globally optimal, small sample-size, good generalization ability and resistant to the over-fitting problem [18-20]. In this paper, the use of SVMs model is developed for the predicting of a thermal power plant condenser. The prediction model was used in a case study of 300MW thermal power station. The experiment result shows that the prediction model based on SVMs is more precise than thermal resistance model and other methods, such as T-S fuzzy model [17]. Moreover, to improve the generalization performance of SVMs, an improved differential evolution algorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of SVMs. 2. Periodic fouling process in condenser The accumulation of unwanted deposits on the surfaces of heat exchangers is usually referred to as fouling. In thermal power station condensers, fouling is mainly formed inside the condenser tubes, reducing heat transfer between the hot fluid (steam that condenses in the external surface of the tubes) and the cold water flowing through the tubes. The presence of the fouling represents a resistance to the transfer of heat and therefore reduces the efficiency of the condenser. In order to maintain or restore efficiency it is often necessary to clean condensers. The Taprogge system has found wide application in the power industry for the maintenance of condenser efficiency, which is one of on-line cleaning systems [6]. When the fouling accumulation in condensers reached a threshold, the sponge rubber balls cleaning system is activated, slightly oversized sponge rubber balls continuously passed through the tubes of the condenser by the water flow, and the fouling in the condenser is reduced or eliminated. The progresses of fouling accumulating and cleaning continue alternatively with time. Therefore, the fouling evolution in power plant condensers is periodic. However, the sponge rubber ball system is only effective of preventing the accumulation of waterborne mud, biofilm formation, scale and corrosion product deposition [6]. As for some of inorganic materials strongly attached on the inside surface of tubes, e.g. calcium and magnesium salts, can not be effectively reduced by this technique. As a result, at the end of every sponge rubber ball cleaning period, there still exist a lot of residual fouling in the condensers, and the residual fouling will be accumulated continuously with the time. Where, the fouling can be cleaned by the Taprogge system is called soft fouling, and those can not be cleaned residual fouling is called hard fouling. When the residual fouling accumulated to some degree, the cleaning techniques that can eliminate them, such as chemistry cleaning method, should be used. Generally, the foul degree of heat exchanger is expressed as fouling thermal resistance, defined as the difference between rates of deposition and removal [6]. In this paper, the corresponding fouling thermal resistance of soft fouling and hard fouling expressed as Rfs and Rfh, respectively. Then, the condenser fouling thermal resistance Rf in any time is the sum of soft fouling thermal resistance and hard fouling thermal resistance, expressed as Eq. (1). ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 R t R t R t R t R t t R t t f fs fh f fs fh ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (1) where ( ) 0 R t f is the initial fouling. Fig. 1 periodic fouling evolution in power plant condensers Fig. 1 demonstrates the periodic evolution process of fouling in power plant condensers. In fact, the evolution process of fouling in a condenser is very complex, which is related to a great number of variables, such as condenser pressure, cooling water hardness, the velocity of the circulating water and the corresponding inlet and outlet temperatures, the non-condensing gases present in the condenser, and so on. The Rfs(t) and Rfh(t) expressed a very complex physical and chemical process, their accurate mathematic models are very hard to be obtained. Hence, measurement and prediction of fouling development is a very difficult task. Since the fouling evolution process is a very complex nonlinear dynamic system, the traditional techniques based on mathematic analysis, i.e. asymptotic fouling model, are not efficient to describe it [11]. SVMs, as a small sample method to deal with the highly nonlinear classification and regression problems based on statistic learning theory, is expected to be able to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of the system. 3. SVMs regression and parameters 3.1 SVMs regression SVMs are a group of supervised learning methods that can be applied to classification or regression. SVMs represent an extension to nonlinear models of the generalized portrait algorithm developed by Vladimir Vapnik [18]. The SVMs algorithm is based on the statistical learning theory and the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension introduced by Vladimir Vapnik and Alexey Chervonenkis [19]. Here, the SVMs regression is applied to forecast the fouling in power plant condensers. Let the given training data sets represented as ?( , ), ( , ), , ( , )? 1 1 2 2 n n D ? x y x y ? ? ? x y , where d i x ? R is an input vector, y R i ? is its corresponding desired output, and n is the number of training data. In SVMs, the original input space is mapped into a high dimensional space called feature space by a nonlinear mapping x ? g(x) . Let f (x) be the SVM outputs corresponding to input vector x. In the feature space, a linear function is constructed: f (x) ? wT g(x) ? b (2) where w is a coefficient vector, b is a threshold. The learning of SVMs can be obtained by minimization of the empirical risk on the training data. Where, ? -intensive loss function is used to minimize the empirical risk. The loss function is defined as L? (x, y, f ) ? y ? f (x) ? max(0, y ? f (x) ) e (3) where ? is a positive parameter to allow approximation errors smaller than ? , the empirical risk is ? n i emp i i L x y f n R w 1 ( , , ) 1 ( ) ? (4) Besides using ? -intensive loss, SVMs tries to reduce model complexity by minimizing 2 w , which can be described by slack variables. Introduce variables i ? and i , then SVMs regression is obtained as the following optimization problem: min ? ? ? ? n i i i w C 1 2 ( ? ) 2 1 ? ? (5) s.t. i i i y ? f (x ) ? ? , i i i f (x ) ? y ? ? , i ? , i ? 0 where C is a positive constant to be regulated. By using the Lagrange multiplier method [18], the minimization of (5) becomes the problem of maximizing the following dual optimization problem max ( ? )( ? ) ( , ) 2 1 ( ? ) ( ? ) 1 1 , 1 j j i j n i j i i n i i i i i n i i ? y ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? K x x ? ? ? (6) s.t. ( ? ) 0 1 ? ? ? ? n i i i ? ? ,C = i , i ? =0 where i and i ? are Lagrange multipliers, and kernel ( , ) i j K x x is a symmetric function which is equivalent to the dot product in the feature space. The kernel ( , ) i j K x x is defined as the following. ( , ) ( ) ( ) j T i j i K x x ? g x g x (7) There are some kernels, i.e. polynomial kernel K(x, y) ? (x ? y ? 1) d and hyperbolic tangent kernel ( , ) tanh( ( ) ) 1 2 K x y ? c x ? y ? c can be used. Where the Gaussian function is used as the kernel. ) 2 ( , ) exp( 2 2 ? x y K x y ? ? ? (8) Replacing i i i ? ? ? ? ? ? and relation 0 ? ? ? ? i , then the optimization of (6) is rewritten as max ( , ) 2 1 1 1 , 1 j i j n i j i n i i i n i i ? y ? ? ? ? ? K X X ? ? ? ? ? (9) s.t. 0 1 ? ? ? n i i ? ,C ? i ? ? ? C The learning results for training data set D can be derived from equation (9). Note that only some of coefficients i ? are not zeros and the corresponding vectors x are called support vectors (SV). That is, only those vectors whose corresponding coefficients i i are not zero are SV. Then the regression function is expressed as equation (10). f x K x x b i j p i i i ? ? ? ( ) ( ? ) ( , ) 1 ? ? (10) It should be noted that p is the numbers of SV, and the constant b is expressed as ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? p i i i i i p i i i i i b y K x x y K x x 1 1 min ( ? ) ( , ) max ( ? ) ( , ) 2 1 ? ? ? ? (11) 3.2 SVM parameters The quality of SVMs models strongly depends on a proper setting of parameters and SVMs approximation performance is sensitive to parameters [25, 26]. Parameters to be regulated include hyper-parameters C, ? and kernel parameter? , if the Gaussian kernel is used [25]. The values of C, ? and ? are relate to the actual object model and there are not fixed for different data set. So the problem of parameter selection is complicated. The values of parameter C, ? and ? affect model complexity in a different way. The parameter C determines the trade-off between model complexity and the tolerance degree of deviations larger than ? . The parameter? controls the width of the ? -insensitive zone and can affect the numbers of SV in optimization problem. The kernel parameter? determines the kernel width and relates to the input range of the training data set. Here, parameters selection is regarded as compound optimization problem and an improved differential evolution algorithm is proposed to select suitable parameters value. 4. Improved Differential Evolution Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is a simple but powerful population-based stochastic search technique for solving global optimization problems [27]. DE has three operations: mutation, crossover and selection. The crucial idea behind DE is a scheme for generating trial vectors. Mutation and crossover are used to generate trial vectors, and selection then determines which of the vectors will survive into the next generation. The original DE algorithm is described in the following briefly. 4.1 Basic differential evolution Let S ? Rn be the search space of the problem under consideration. Then, the DE algorithm utilizes NP, n-dimensional vectors X x x xt S i NP in t i t i t i ( , , , ) , 1,2, , 1 2 ? ? ? ? ? as a population for each generation of the algorithm. t denotes one generation. The initial population is generated randomly and should cover the whole parameter space. In each population, two operators, namely mutation and crossover, are applied on each individual to yield a trial vector for each target vector. Then, a selection phase takes place to determine the trial vector enters the population of the next generation or not. For each target individual t i X , a mutant vector { 1 , , 1} 1 ?1 ? ? t ? n t t i V v ? v is determined by the following equation. ( ) 1 2 3 1 t r t r t r t i V ? ? X ? F ? X ? X (12) Where F ? 0 is a real parameter, called mutation constant, which controls the amplification of the difference vector ( ) 2 3 t r t r X ? X to avoid search stagnation. According to Storn and Price [27], the F is set in (0, 2]. 1 r , 2 r , 3 r are indexes, randomly selected from the set {1,2,, NP} . Note that indexes must be different from each other and from the running index i so that NP must be a least four. Following the mutation phase, the crossover (recombination) operator is applied on the population. For each mutant vector t ?1 i V , a trial vector { 1 , , 1} 1 ?1 ? ? t ? n t t i U u ? u is generated, using the following scheme. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ( ) ( ) 1 , ( ) ( ) 1 x rand j CR and j randn i v rand j CR or j randn i u t ij t t ij ij (13) Where j=1, 2, ?, n. rand( j) is the jth evaluation of a uniform random number generator within [0, 1]. CR is a crossover probability constant in the range [0, 1], which has to be determined previously by the user. randn(i) ? (1,2,,n) is a randomly chosen index which ensures that t ?1 i U gets at least one element from t ?1 i V . Otherwise, no new parent vector would be produced and the population would not alter. To decide whether the trial vector t ?1 i U should be a member of the population comprising the next generation, it is compared to the corresponding target vector t i X , and the greedy selection strategy is adopted in DE. The selection operator is as following. ? ? ? ? ? ? , otherwise 1 , ( 1 ) ( ) 1 t i t i t i t t i i X U f U f X X . (14) 4.2 Modification of Mutation From the mutation Eq. (12) we can see that in the original DE three vectors are chosen at random for mutation and the base vector is then chosen at random within the three, which has an exploratory effect but it slows down the convergence of DE. In order to accelerate the convergence speed, a modified mutation scheme is adopted. The randomly selected three vectors for mutation are sorted by ascending in terms of the fitness function value. The tournament best vector is t tb x , the better vector is t tm x and the worst vector is t tw x . For speeding up convergence, the base vector in the mutation equation should select t tb x , and the direction of difference vector should direct to t tm x , that is to choose ( t ) tw t tm x ? x as the difference vector. Then the new modified mutation strategy is as following Eq. (15). 1 ( t ) tw t tm t tb t i v ? ? x ? F ? x ? x . (15) After such modification, this process explores the region around each t tb x in the direction of ( t ) tw t tm x ? x for each mutated point. The mutation operator is not random search any more, but a determinate search. However, the vectors for mutation are selected randomly in the population space, so in the whole evolutionary process it is still a random search, which can ensure the global optimization performance of the algorithm [28]. 5 Optimization procedures of IDE for SVMs 5.1 Objective function The objective of SVMs parameters optimization is to minimize deviations between the outputs of training data and the outputs of SVMs. Where, the mean square error (MSE) is used as the performance criterion. 2 1 1 ( ( , ))2 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? K k k k y f x w K Obj (16) Where K is the number of training data, k y is the output of the kth training data, and f (x ,w) k is the output of SVMs correspond to input k x . Then the objective of the IDE is to search optimal parameter C, ? and ? to minimize Obj: min F(C,? ,? ) ? minObj (17) Generally, the search range of these parameters is C? [1, 1000], ? ? (0, 1], ? ? (0, 0.5]. For special problem, the search range is changeable. 5.2 Optimization procedures The searching procedures of the improved differential evolution (IDE) for optimization of SVMs parameters are shown as below. Step1: Input the training data and test data, select the Gaussian kernel function. Step2: Specify the number of population NP, the difference vector scale factor F, the crossover probability constant CR, and the maximum number of generations T. Initialize randomly the individuals, i.e. C, ? and ? , of the population and the trial vector in the given searching space. Set the current generation t=0. Step3: Use each individual as the control parameters of SVMs, train the SVMs using training data. Step4: Calculate the fitness value of each individual in the population using the objective function given by equation (17). Step5: Compare each individual?s fitness value and get the best fitness and best individual. Step6: Generate a mutant vector according to equation (15) for each individual. Step7: According to equation (13), do the crossover operation and yield a trial vector. Step8: Execute the selection operation in terms of equation (14) and generate a new population. Step9: t=t+1, return to Step3 until to the maximum number of generations. 6 Case study 6.1 Fouling prediction scheme The formation and development of fouling in condensers is influenced not only by cooling water hardness and turbidity but also by working conditions of condensers, such as velocity of the cooling water and the corresponding inlet and outlet temperatures, the saturation temperature of steam under entrance pressure of condenser, the non-condensing gases present in the condenser, and so on. According to the previous analysis of periodic fouling process of power plant condensers, the fouling can be classified as soft fouling and hard fouling. Therefore, two SVMs models are developed to forecast thermal resistance of soft and hard fouling, respectively. Then, the whole prediction fouling thermal resistance ( f R? ) in condenser is the sum of output of soft fouling prediction model ( fs R? ) and output of hard fouling prediction model ( fh R? ). Generally, the evolution of soft fouling is determined by the velocity (v), turbidity (d), inlet (Ti) and outlet temperatures (To) of cooling water, saturation temperature of steam under entrance pressure of condenser (Ts), and prediction time range (Tp) (the running time in a sponge rubber ball cleaning period). Therefore, these variables are chosen as inputs of the soft fouling thermal resistance predictive model. As for hard fouling of the class of calcium and magnesium salts, it is related to the residual fouling at the beginning and the end of previous sponge rubber ball cleaning period (corresponding thermal resistance is Rfb,n-1, Rfe,n-1, respectively), hardness of cooling water (s), saturation temperature of steam under entrance pressure of condenser (Ts), and the accumulating running time of condenser (Ta). Hence, those variables are chosen as the inputs of hard fouling thermal resistance prediction model. The soft and hard fouling prediction model based on SVMs illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively. ( , ) 1 K x x ( , ) 2 K x x ( , ) p?1 K x x ( , ) p K x x 1 1 2 2 1 1 ? ? ? ? p p ? ? p p ( , ) 1 K x x ( , ) 2 K x x ( , ) p?1 K x x ( , ) p K x x S b Ts 1 1 2 2 1 1 ? ? ? ? p p ? ? p p Ta Rfh Rfb,n-1 R fe,n-1 ? ^ Fig. 2 Soft fouling prediction model Fig. 3 Hard fouling prediction model The parameters of the two prediction models are optimized by the IDE algorithm. Fig. 4 illustrates the fouling prediction model using SVMs optimized by IDE. ? Fig. 4 fouling prediction model based on SVMs optimized by IDE 6.2 Experiment results In this section, experiments on N-3500-2 condenser (300MW) in Xiangtan thermal power plant are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The cooling water of this plant is river water that pumped from the Xiangjiang river. The Taprogge systems are installed in the plant to on-line clean the condensers. At present, the condenser is cleaned every two days using the Taprogge system, and every cleaning time is about 6 hours. Obviously, the fitted cleaning period is not optimal, because the fouling accumulating process is dynamic changing with the operating conditions changing. The experiment system consists of sensors for operating condition parameters measuring, data acquisition system, PC-type computer, etc. A set of 1362 real-time running data in different operating conditions in 84 cleaning periods is collected to train and optimize the SVMs model for fouling prediction, another set of 300 data is chosen for model verification. The proposed IDE is used to optimize the SVMs parameters. The control parameters of IDE are the following. The number of population is 30, the crossover probability constant CR is 0.5, the mutation factor F is 0.5, and the maximum number of generations is 100. The selection of above parameters is based on the literature [27] and [28]. After application of IDE, the optimal SVMs parameters of soft fouling prediction model are C=848, ? =0.513, ? =0.0117, the optimal SVMs parameters of hard fouling prediction model are C=509, ? =0.732, ? =0.0075. The velocity, turbidity, and inlet temperature of cooling water is different in summer and winter, the evolution of fouling in condensers is also different in the two seasons. In the experiments, four sponge rubber ball cleaning periods in different seasons are investigated. Among them, three periods, i.e. the first, 18th and 40th period, are in summer, and the other period is in winter. The hardness and turbidity of cooling water is 56mg/L and 17mg/L in summer, and is 56mg/L and 29mg/L in winter. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the comparison between the SVMs model, T-S fuzzy logic model [17] and asymptotic model is considered. The asymptotic model is obtained by probability analysis method, and the corresponding expression is the following [17]. ( ) ? 41.3?[1? ?(t ?1.204) /14.57 ] f R t e (17) Table 1 and Table 2 show the fouling thermal resistance prediction results of the above three models in the first and the 18th cleaning periods, respectively. From the Table 1 and Table 2, we can see that compared with tradition asymptotic model and T-S fuzzy logic model, the SVMs based prediction model has higher prediction precision. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show the predicted fouling thermal resistance evolution based on the optimized SVMs model and asymptotic model. Fig.6 clearly shows that the asymptotic model is not able to forecast the fouling evolution process at the beginning stage of the 18th cleaning period, the reason is that the residual fouling in the periodic fouling formation process is not considered in the asymptotic models. Table 1 fouling thermal resistance prediction results in the first cleaning period Running time Tpa (hour) Operating conditions Measuring values Rf (K.m2/kW) Prediction values (K.m2/kW) Relative error v(m/s) Ti(?) Ts(?) SVMs model T-S model Asymptotic model SVMs model T-S model Asymptotic model 0 2.0 19.1 33.2 0.0258 0.0260 0.0258 0.62 0 5 2.0 18.5 33.3 0.0995 0.0992 0.1018 0.0947 0.26 2.31 4.82 10 2.0 15.6 31.9 0.2028 0.2037 0.2007 0.1872 0.45 1.04 7.69 15 2.0 14.3 31.6 0.2501 0.2494 0.2411 0.2528 0.27 3.6 1.08 20 2.0 15.5 33.5 0.2865 0.2864 0.2830 0.2993 0.03 1.22 4.48 25 2.0 15.5 34.0 0.3174 0.3172 0.3123 0.3323 0.06 1.61 4.69 30 2.0 16.1 34.8 0.3420 0.3393 0.3321 0.3558 0.79 2.89 4.04 35 2.0 14.4 34.6 0.3567 0.3562 0.3497 0.3724 0.14 1.96 4.40 40 2.0 14.2 34.9 0.3722 0.3736 0.3600 0.3842 0.37 3.28 3.22 Table 2 fouling thermal resistance prediction results of the 18th cleaning period Running time Ta (hour) Operating conditions Measuring values Rf (K.m2/kW) Prediction values (K.m2/kW) Relative error v(m/s) Ti(?) Ts(?) SVMs model T-S model Asymptotic model SVMs model T-S model Asymptotic model 632 2.0 14.0 29.8 0.0774 0.0791 0.074 2.26 0 637 2.0 14.2 30.9 0.1772 0.1773 0.1850 0.0947 0.06 4.40 46.56 642 2.0 12.5 30.4 0.2474 0.2479 0.2438 0.1872 0.21 1.46 24.33 647 2.0 11.9 30.4 0.2898 0.2908 0.2955 0.2528 0.36 1.97 12.77 652 2.0 10.6 30.1 0.3230 0.3222 0.3354 0.2993 0.25 3.84 7.34 657 2.0 11.4 31.5 0.3447 0.3437 0.3525 0.3323 0.28 2.26 3.60 662 2.0 10.2 31.2 0.3655 0.3652 0.3648 0.3558 0.08 0.19 2.65 667 2.0 10.7 32.0 0.3831 0.3815 0.3767 0.3724 0.42 1.67 2.79 672 2.0 11.8 33.5 0.3985 0.3978 0.3912 0.3842 0.18 1.83 3.59 To eliminate the influence of residual fouling and improve the prediction precision, an improved asymptotic models are i

Twelfth Night: Interpretations Through the Directors Staging

Twelfth Night: Interpretations through the Directors Staging Antonio: I could not stay behind you: my desire, More sharp than filed steel, did spur me forth; And not all love to see you, though so much As might have drawn one to a longer voyage, But jealousy what might befall your travel, Being skilless in these parts; which to a stranger, Unguided and unfriended, often prove Rough and unhospitable: my willing love, The rather by these arguments of fear, Set forth in your pursuit. (Twelfth Night, 3. 3. 6-16)For hundreds of years people from all over the world have seen the works of William Shakespeare performed by thousands of actors. Twelfth Night or What you Will is but one of the many comedies written by William Shakespeare that have been produced in many formats, from theater, television and even several feature films. So many different productions of the same works have opened the door to directors adding their own twist to the original script to make it their own. One play can be performed countless different ways, from very conservative or to unconventional depending on the director’s interpretation and intentions.So all writings are open for creative interpretation thus being for this paper I am going to focus on the directorial staging of this play and how the staging and direction brought the focus of the subplot of Antonio and Sebastian into a homoerotic relationship opposed to other renditions of Twelfth Night that were homosocial. Directors have creatively reconstructed these plays pulling from the era, the popular ideology of the community and political correctness at the times the different styles and interpretations so that Shakespeare can be adapted to the current times.My most recent exposure to the Shakespeare is Twelfth Night as it was performed in Ashland, Oregon, during the 2010 Shakespeare Festival, directed by Darko Tresnjak. The design and style of the set design and costumed was reminiscent of the movie Mozart in the play bill t he director did mention that this movie did give him some inspiration for these choices. The white costumes of the Dukes court. The season was summery with no hint of the holidays, no Christmas ornamentation. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio with the direction from the director acted out the relationship between them as overly homosexual, as if they were lovers.Antonio was far more feminine and flamboyant (similar to the role played by Johnny Depp in the movie Pirates of the Carrabin) and Sebastian was more masculine. I think the director used this opportunity to emphasize this aspect of our modern American homosexual subculture. I think the director wanted to reflect upon homosexuality in America currently instead of the over emphasized the traditional comedic element of cross dressing and mischievous misrepresentation of the sexes that has been a popular and humorous way to perform Shakespeare’s plays.True this play has homoerotic elements in it that hundreds of years ago were considered humor, cross dressing, falling in love with a â€Å"perception† of what is not what you perceive. This was recreated in several comedies during this time. At the time this was written for popular entertainment to be funny and absurd. A romantic comedy where someone falls in love with an illusion and is made to look foolish is an underlying theme in many comedies of the time.The director in the Ashland example defiantly imposes the ideology of modern homosexuality into this version of Twelfth Night. This becomes evident in Act 2, Scene 1 (2. 1. 1-52); â€Å"†¦ ANTONIO: If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. SEBASTIAN: If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once: my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsino's court: fare well.Exit†¦. † Because the director in the Ashland production had the actor playing Antonio over emphasize his lines in this part of the scene and seam to beg Sebastian as a lover. I would like to introduce two other performances of Twelfth Night that I have selected for this paper, on top of the live performance in Ashland, two other performances of Twelfth Night to exhibit the different ways directors can creatively interpret Shakespeare through the staging and direction to intertwine modern ideas and ideology through their direction, making it relevant for today.I am using a BBC television performance and an American film and I have decided to focus on the characters of Sebastian and Antonio in all three performances to compare the director’s style and depiction of this relationship, of these two, and to see the effect on the whole production. Second I want to introduce an example from the American produced feature film of Twelfth Night or What you Will (Nunn) f rom Fine Line Features Presents a Renaissance Film, directed by Trevor Nunn run time 134min.The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio, under the directors guidance, created a relationship between these two men that suggested a fatherly bond as if Antonio, who saved Sebastian from the ocean, became a surrogate father to this young man Sebastian, who has lost his sister and father. Of all the versions this particular depiction made the most sense and really brought the words to life between these two. Antonio in Act 5, reaction became so believable first the betrayal and confusion with Cesario (Viola) response of not knowing him and then later when Sebastian enters onto the stage, Antonio’s comments on both of them.Act 5 (5. 257-277) â€Å"†¦ANTONIO: Sebastian are you? SEBASTIAN: Fear'st thou that, Antonio? ANTONIO: How have you made division of yourself? An apple, cleft in two, is not more twin than these two creatures. Which is Sebastian?†¦ † I found the pe rformance of the actor who played Antonio as a genuine caring father type to be accurate and in this moment the film captures the disbelief of a man who is seeing a mirror image of his own child. This is what made the words of Shakespeare come alive and gave a hint of truth to this unbelievable tale.This is why I believe that this particular twist is more believable and follows more closely to what the original production would have suggested. The third performance I am introducing is the British production by a Renaissance Theatre Production of Twelfth Night or What you Will A&E, Thames Television in association with the BBC television production directed by Kenneth Branagh run time 165min. the setting of this production was late 1800’s in depth of winter with snow and wind and barren trees, almost on the brink of spring.The director kept in pace with the title of the play by having a Christmas tree, and other holiday novelties. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio in this production, were staged and directed in the relationship between them as â€Å"sportsmen†, as if they had become best sportsman like friends â€Å"Good Chaps† in the intonations the director has obviously instructed the actors to play down the dialogue that leave a hint of homosocial relationship. This is evident in the way that the end of ACT 2 (2. 1. -52); â€Å"SEBASTIAN: If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once: my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsino's court: farewell. Exit (this was spoken up beat and as if he was going to a sporting event. ) ANTONIO: The gentleness of all the gods goes with thee! I have many enemies in Orsino's court; else would I very shortly see thee there. This was spoken with a challenge and boisterous. ) But, come what may, I do adore thee so, (this phrase was almost whispered as if it was a second thought. ) That danger shall seem sport, and I will go. Exit† (the last statement before his exit was stated as if he was embarking on an adventure. ) the way that this was performed by the actor who played Antonio played up the masculine and down played the tenderness. This being a British production the topic of homosexuality has been downplayed and not openly addressed, because it is improper etiquette.The idea of still being a man in the public and not projecting your personal preferences is a very real behavior, where as in America it would be acceptable to be â€Å"Out of the closet†. In Europe men’s sexual preference is not something of polite conversation and is not labeled as it is in America because in England the perception of â€Å"man† doesn’t lose their manly hood by having male relations. So this being a British Television production the director would have n ever broached the subject of homosexuality.In America we have grown accustomed to labeling relationships and categorizing everything where in Europe they have grown beyond that and do not need to push labels I believe this was touched on in Manliness Before Individualism: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeare's History Plays Rebecca Ann Bach points out that â€Å"†¦all of which depict England in disorder, are profoundly interested in how manliness is constructed and maintained. Because gender roles and the social order were deeply intertwined in Renaissance England, masculinity surfaces constantly as a point of tension†¦. (Bach) and she goes on to discuss â€Å"†¦Today we live in a world in which men and women are, by definition, separate kinds of people; our culture expends enormous energy from the birth of a child creating and maintaining the distinctions between men and women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing the separation of the perception of the rolls of men and women in the very different eras. This seems to be what draws so many to Shakespeare is that he interweaves this idea of separation into a comical theme and makes light of this need to separate and label. This may be why today in England the separation seems to be less than in America.From the evidence I have discovered I surmise that in the time of Shakespeare, the rolls of men and woman were quite different, and to have a young man play the role of a woman was common place due to no female actors, as they do today. To reverse the reversal is somewhat funny for the time, it can also be ironic, or homoerotic. The debate will continue through my time and for eons as to what was really intended by the words of Shakespeare. I do believe though that is the directors who project modern ideologies into the plays, not the writer.I believe it is the director’s drive to personalize and to modernize the work and bring it up to date. The desire to connect the past on a deeper in timate level that makes this director inject such modern ideas into these classics. Humans have a deep seated need to connect with the past and to interpret the past on a personal level and to be able to see ourselves in the past. I believe that the modernization of Plays actually pull us farther away from the past. So even though I may have thought that the staging of Antonio and Sebastian were homosexual and I thought it took away from the whole of the play.The director injected his views of this performance of Twelfth Night to reflect on today’s society and to touch the audience of today, not of yesterday. Directors have always brought the past to life and this is another example of the modern interpretation of Shakespeare. I have to wonder though, what would William think about this production? Work Cited Page: 1. Bach, Rebecca Ann. Manliness Before Individualism: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeare's History Plays. Online October 14, 2010. http://www. blackwellreference. com/public/tocnode? id=g9781405136068_chunk_g978